Beiträge getagged mit cscw
ECSCW 2007 – Day 3 – Paper Session 1
The paper session on the morning after the social event – not so many participants in yet (45 just before the first talk started) – but numbers are increasing ;-)
Before I address the papers presented (it really was worth visiting this session – as it was with most other session at this conference), some comments on a discussion I had yesterday evening (around the social event): While new media like Blogs are helping to move some traffic away from email, they generate new problems of media choice and overload – how to deal with the input all the feeds deliver you have subscribed to? One solution is a change of view on the side of the consumer: feed reader inboxes are not the same as email inboxes – it is okay to just discard some entries in the feed reader inbox. We might also try some technical support: perhaps building on the former work on collaborative filtering for Usenet News? (Blog) feeds provide more meta data then Usenet News groups, so it might even work better than with them – especially regarding the cold start problem.
But now the papers:
- “Making the Home Network at Home: Digital Housekeeping”, Peter Tolmie: “maintaining the PC has become a household chore”, “home networks are no longer geek experiments, they are an ordinary solution to burgeoning technological complexity” – quite interesting observations – The authors studied three households in the UK; very interesting observations of how home networks are “integrated” in the household – both physically and regarding processes and routine – and what tasks have to be addressed (and what practices have been developed for these); they identified some “orderly characteristics” in digital housekeeping; some implications for design: handling legacy in the home, providing for transparency; “How can this be extended to encompass how people reason about the home as their home, not just the home network as a home network?”
Discussion: There were questions on how digital housekeeping is distributed over genders, how it works in single parent households – but because of the three family sample there was not much to say about these questions – there surely is need for broader studies …
I very much like the term “digital housekeeping” … “normal people” have to deal with the complexities of technology … not primarily a CSCW topic, but nevertheless very interesting … - “Behaviours and Preferences when Coordinating Mediated Interruptions: Social and System Influence”, Agnieszka Szostek: focus: interruption behaviour of interruptors and interruptees and user preferences; controlled (game) experiment to derive some insights (two participants, individual tasks, possibility to ask each other – interruptions, time pressure, awareness display about status of other person); tested some hypotheses about social and system influences; the underlying question was how the system can decide if the user should be interrupted by questions, what systems can/should do – highly relevant in CMC environments!; just one interesting outcome: it was better to have automatic rejection (in addition to manual rejection) and not to show to the rejected person how it was done – to allow the rejector to “save face”; Implications for design: desired behaviour of the systems depends on moment-to-moment activities of both actors; need for: manual and automatic interruption filtering, mechanisms to present interruption costs, buffer to queue interruptions
I like this application of the “awareness” concept … Never have thought about further researching on how to (semi-)automatically react on awareness information to address interruption handling (in CMC) … might be a good field for further research
A collection of papers on interruptions in hci - “Health Care Categories have Politics too: Unpacking the Managerial Agendas of Electronic Triage Systems”, Ellen Balka: research question: “how can an understanding of the agenda embedded within the design of an it.application help us to explain failure of the application in practice?”; research method: discourse analysis of academic literature; work practice study in the emergency department of a Canadian children hospital; Research finding: insight into the political agenda behind the it-application lead to identify conflicts …
ECSCW 2007 – Day 2 – Paper Session 3
- “Asymmetrical collaboration in print shop-customer relationships”, Jacki O’Neill – a paper from Xerox Research Centres Europe and Webster: customers (design shops) have to collaborate with print shop to get consistent colors (color managed workflow); the “standard” system intended for the task (color spaces, CMYK, …) does not work; there are several ad hoc solutions that have developed to address this task (practical color management) – tailored to real practicalities, but costly!!!
interesting application area, the main message was that automation (color management) may not be the best solution for such areas; better support communication and collaboration with sets of tools and technologies … - “Dressing up for school work – supporting a collaborative environment with heterogeneous technology”, Ole Sejer Iversen: studying children in schools with CSCW methodology (work practice studies, field studies, interaction design); presented some of the interaction design that was done in the project; heterogeneity in school work: multiple intelligences (Gardner 1993), 20 stimuli that influence school work (Dunn and Dunn 1993); participatory design with children and teachers to build heterogeneous technologies to support children’s collaborative school work; four IT concepts developed; The Wisdom Well – an interactive floor for kinesthetic collaboration (combine learning and physical exercise) – interesting ubiquitous computing application (well integrated in learning environment); The Hycon:Explorer – a geo-spatial hypermedia system for nomadic learning: an application for mobile phones combining context awareness (GPS) with documentation facilities, outside assignments, annotate and document places they go to; eCELL – a niche for collaboration in adhocracies; eBAG – a personal, digital repository for school work, carry electronic files from device to device using mobile phone and bluetooth
alltogether some very nice ubiquitous computing applications for school – well rooted in ethnographic research and participatory design – and well implemented
evaluation of tools was done in school; quote: “this was the second day of evaluation; on the third day things went crazy; children discovered completely new ways of using the technologies, …”
Link to group: http://www.interactivespaces.net/ - “Exploring cooperation through a binder: A context for IT tools in elderly care at home”, Alexandra Petrakou: agenda: 1) explore the complex cooperation in elderly care at home, 2) the focus is on the actual use of a (non-digital) binder – as tool for cooperation and coordination between care personal, 3) through focusing on the binder, issues crucial to cooperation in general become visible; ad 2) binder is placed in the care receivers homes, different types of documents in binder; problem: binder only accessible in care receivers homes; cannot be used for preparation;
summary: a nice analysis of artefact based collaboration and coordination (in a particular setting); but in my opinion too little results that might inform future design/development
Btw: One observation: I see MacBooks and PowerBooks everywhere – seems to me that two thirds (or more) of all laptops here are Macs …
ECSCW 2007 – Day 2 – Paper Session 2
The session started with a “demo madness” – five demos presented in five minutes (altogether) – just teasers but I found it very helpful to decide what I should have a closer look at. Here my “decission”:
- BubbleBoard: a visual answering machine – touchscreen, annotations, possibility to arrange messages … very nice
- SONAR: social network aggregation
More to come after I have visited the demos.
And then the papers in the session:
- “Tag-based Metonymic Search in an Activity-centric Aggregation Service”, Michael Muller (IBM): activity-centric collaboration history: instant collaboration, activity explorer, unified activity management, Lotus Connections Activities (commercial software now); it is about connecting awareness/alerts with objects; problem: activity flood (“yet another inbox”); problem: too many inboxes/information/activity overload; we need an activity-based aggregation service; very interesting/important work!; Malibu “surf board” to address these problems; input is external feeds (RSS, ATOM, SNA, …); in the demo he showed aggregation from activities, bookmarks (Dogear) and external feeds with links into IBM Blue Pages (social networking service); I surely will have a closer look at this … and I really have to install Lotus Connections soon – it is on my todo list for too long now ;-)
Comments on this talk in other blogs: ECOSpace blog - “The Distributed Work of Local Action: Interaction amongst virtually collocated research teams”, Dylan Tutt: MiMeG – A system for analysing video data remotly (synchronously)
- “Bringing Round-Robin Signature to Computer-Mediated Communication”, T. Nishida: background: chat system as a back channel during presentations at conferences; problem with missing anonymity; pros and cons of anonymity; goal: exploring the design space between anonymity and non-anonymity: round-robin signature (a kind of group signature): protocol: anonymous post – other users can support post – if post gathered sufficient number of supporters names of the supporters are revealed as a round-robin signature; hypothesis: this protocol has the best properties of anonymous and non-anonymous discussions; prototype application: Lock-On-Chat
ECSCW 2007 – Day 2 – Paper Session 1
Finally pictures from day 0 and day 1 start to appear on flickr – have a look.
And then to day 2 which started with paper session – as usual here some comments on the ones I found worth commenting ;-)
- “‘… and do it the usual way’: fostering awareness of work conventions in document-mediated collaboration”, Federico Cabitza, Carla Simone: “without conventions work could be hardly be done by practitioners (and be hardly understood by researchers)” – goal: supporting conventions through a “learning device”, need to understand their nature to create a common ground, clarifying ambiguities – conventions vs. business rules (spring from practice, not necessary a best practice, generated locally from the bottom, to solve local problems) – this seems to be quite important! use to support awareness (browsing awareness, alerting/reminding awareness, provisionality awareness, inconsistency awareness, amending awareness, accounting awareness, enabling awareness); “conventions are about action you are expected to do”, “conventions are about interpretation this means that”, conventions and awareness are expressed in terms of condition -> effects; further developed (visualization of awareness) in the WOAD approach … comparable to the approach of expectation awareness (by Prinz et al.) – the paper is surely worth reading in more detail (at least for me ;-)) – interesting idea to use conventions to support awareness event filtering and visualization …
Other blog postings on this talk: ECOSpace Blog - “A safe space to vent: Conciliation and Conflict in Distributed Teams”, L. Watts: conflict as potentially destructive (e.g. storing bad feelings for future interactions) vs. conflict as a creative process; conversations through CMC technologies are prone to conflict escalations, polarisation and entrenchment (Thomson & Nadler 2002) but also can encourage disclosure and reduce uncertainty! very good analysis of recent work on conflict in CMC
- “Semi-Synchronous Conflict Detection and Resolution in Asynchronous Software Development”, Prasun Dewan and Rajesh Hegde: Problem in software development: adding people to the team does not add to productivity in the same way; one reason for this: conflicts; not adequately addressed by versioning systems; solving problem: change virtual environment by new conflict management model (no synchronous pair programming!, but asynchronous work); they built a new systeme CollabVS = Visual Studio + Semi Synchronous Conflict Management and evaluated it; the core idea is somehow providing awareness by automatically detecting concurrent activities (editing code files that are somehow related) and visualizing the information.
One comment in the discussion: “Great and I would like to have it” ;-)
Other blog postings on this talk: ECOSpace Blog
ECSCW 2007 – Day 1 – Panel
The first day ends with the regular/famous panel on “ECSCW: Where are we? Reflections and Prognostications” – Here some comments from the presentations and the discussion.
Geraldine Fitzpatrick
- we have to remember how the (computer) world looked like when we started (20 years ago) …
- questions/issues: 1) what sorts of influences have we had in the world? (what problems have we solved) – at the beginning engineers without any ethnographic studies, new things/tools developed; 2) a lot of different conferences dealing with CSCW topics (in particular topics like mobile systems etc) – do we still have something to say/contribute? Yes!
Ina Wagner
- social science side of CSCW research
- several fields/social science theories are not well represented in CSCW, e.g.: industrial sociology (technology as mediating skills, control, employment, …); organizational theory (role of technology in organizational change/knowledge creation); social studies of technology (the “making” of technology) – where we can find lots of lots of interesting things about technology and technology in organizations
- Where is CSCW research?
- CSCW has unique focus: work practices – technology use (interaction, coordination, artefacts); design and implementation
- What is special about CSCW? CSCW course outline: case studies (health care, manufacturing, design, domestic environments), concepts (awareness, common information spaces, articulation work, coordination mechanisms, coordinative artefacts, standards and cs – problem: they are not really connected, CSCW systems – design principles, theories in the background (ethnomethodology, phenomenology, some organizational theory)
- Open issues: the need for a theory of cooperative work; the need to pay attention to organizational issues; is there a socio-political perspective, the need for one; how to connect to STS – studies of technology construction/use, the community; how and if to integrate a concern for skill, control, employment issues
Wolfgang Prinz
- ECSCW started with large initiatives/projects (sponsored by the European Commission and others)
- Influences: Speech Acts, Multi-user VR, Awareness, Ubiquitous Collaboration, Communities, Social Web – We looked at particular/isolated issues – that was the easy time – Now these areas have separate conferences … We have influenced these areas, but they left us, they do not bring anything back
- problems to face: collaboration as a commodity? All we have thought about 1) left us to start its own life, 2) is now part of MS Sharepoint, 3) and what we haven’t thought about is Web 2.0 ;-)
- Problems with funding (CWE and Living Lab initiative of the EC): We are viewed as doing nothing constructive …
- “We have contributed the broomsticks, now we need to support their management” – solve the complexity – The Sorcerer’s Apprentice: “Spirits that I’ve cited, my commands ignore …”
Kjeld Schmidt
- What CSCW set out to do? Starting point were disappointing experiences with office automation movement. Understand how machines can be used in complex work settings.
- Where are we now? A lot of fascinating technologies appeared. We have not managed to stay focussed. We have not managed to stay involved in the development of the technologies (e.g. workflow management systems)
- Has the ECSCW community become risk aversive? (no large scale systems in complex settings …)
Discussion
- The technologies now used to organize work are not addressed in CSCW – Is CSCW left behind? – Industry took over (Sharepoint, IBM Lotus) – so we are escaping in niches – we have to look into how the large systems are used – but this is quite complex/complicated (too complicated for the usual PhD project?)
- CSCW has influence in new areas like Web 2.0 etc (former CSCW research is relevant today) – look at notes on CSCW and Web 2.0 workshop
- Core achievement of CSCW is that it has brought practice to computing
- Organizations are different now … earlier we started out to bring organizations computer support tools … now they have computer support tools … and they have problems with them … the second phase of CSCW should be to help organizations to solve the problems they have with the computer support tools
ECSCW 2007 – Day 1 – Papers
After the first keynote the paper program started. Just some thoughts on these:
- “What Did I Miss? – Visualizing the Past through Video Traces” – A work from Saul Greenbergs group on awareness in video media spaces – They presented the Timeline System which tries to provide an overview of a video stream while at the same time addressing privacy issues. See videos of Saul Greenbergs group.
- “Social bookmarking and exploratory search”, David R. Millen (IBM): A very nice report from the Dogear project at IBM – an intranet social bookmarking service. They presented a lot of material (both numbers and quotes) from the internal usage of Dogear. An interesting information was also the list of upcoming papers on Dogear – One which seems to be especially interesting is on “Expertise Search” (using social bookmarking) by Shami, Ehrlich and Millen – Sadly, there was no reference to where this paper will show up – sometimes in 2008. Another interesting idea briefly mentioned in the discussion: Use Dogear to generate personal tag clouds to be printed on the name badges for conferences.
- “Instrumental action: the timely exchange of implements during surgical operations”, Marcus Sanchez Svensson: A piece of work looking at how coordination around objects happens in the operating theatre. Nice examples and some conceptual reflections, but little new insights (that inform design) – as it was mentioned during discussion …
- “Designing Family Photo Displays”, A. Taylor et al.: Thinking about the display of photos, what do they do, how do they achieve their “goal” (end up doing certain sorts of things); some nice ideas (informed by ethnographic research) on how to design family photo display.
- “The Awareness Network: Should I display my actions to whom? And, whose actions should I monitor?”, C. de Souza: Work about filtering incoming and outgoing awareness events – which they call “awareness network” – the sum of incoming and outgoing links. The basis of the work are observations of two software development teams – analyzed using grounded theory techniques – which more or less shows some dependencies in the teams (depending on the system developed – modular vs. non-modular) – which affected the awareness network (no big surprise …).
ECSCW 2007 – Day 1 – Keynote
On wednesday, 26th, the main conference started. The first talk was an invited talk by Stephen Ackroyd on “Conviviality: A System Requirement”.
At first the content seemed a little “far away” from CSCW … Stephen is a sociologist and researches economic transformation. So, in the largest part of his talk he presented how companies have been changing in the last ten years. He summarized the change in four points:
- distributed organisational design
- continous reconstruction
- strategic manoeuvring
- controlling market relations
The interesting points, bringing him back to CSCW than were that
- the emerging (company) structures do not have the properties of developed networks – there is low network density – similar to bureaucracies
- it is not management information systems (MIS) giving these constructs their flexibility (“large organizations today are electronic systems augmented by human capacities”
- it is conviviality (social networks, social networking) that gives the constructs their flexibility
He concluded that “new corporate forms are very demanding of social capabilities, and this is often overlooked”. My conclusion: Companies should invest in social networking (services) and not in management information systems (management dashboards) …
ECSCW 2007 – Workshop Web 2.0 and CSCW
Verfasst von kochm unter Konferenz, Social Software am 26.9.2007
While the rest of this blog is written in German, I will keep the posts about ECSCW 2007 in English – to allow for better accessibility for all the other ECSCW participants …
For me the first big event at ECSCW 2007 was the workshop on Web 2.0 and CSCW I organized with Wolfgang Prinz. The motivation for the workshop was that we hear more and more about Web 2.0, Social Software and Enterprise 2.0 doing stuff CSCW has been doing in the past – somehow Enterprise 2.0 seems to conquer CSCW ;-). So, we set the target to explore how CSCW relates to these new fields and what we could learn from this to define a future research agenda for CSCW – to reconquer Web 2.0 and Social Software ;-)
There will be a more detailed documentation of the workshop results on a wiki page in the next days.
In this post I will “just” document some thoughts I find particularly worth writing down (for my own microcontent management – and perhaps for your interest) – without any particular order – sometimes my own thoughts (inspired by the discussion), sometimes a documentation of what was said by other participants in the discussion.
- Web 2.0 is: about contribution, fast, open, easy, offers quick rewards, it is easy to present oneself, addresses needs of the single user, builds on shared personal benefits, collaboration happens “by accident”
- CSCW is: about collaboration, groups, group processes, hierarchy, stucture, shared workspaces
- Managers are in CSCW systems but not in Web 2.0 / Enterprise 2.0 systems
- Managers are looking for dashboards – and cannot find them in Social Software tools
- Niels Pinkwart presented five areas where CSCW and Web 2.0 differ: application area (CSCW focused on work), control, use of technologies, success factors (make it as easy as possible in Web 2.0), algorithms (quite sophisticated in CSCW, just collaborative filtering in Web 2.0)
- Another difference was added in the discussion: the way to spread technology / the way to introduce systems
- Why is BSCW not as successful as facebook? – idea of using facebook for organizing projects
- “I could use facebook to do something seriously – but I cannot use Sharepoint to do something fun”
- Wendy Kellogg mentioned an interesting quote from Anderson (The Long Tail) about how to view Social Software: “to evaluate systems you have to think probabilisticly” – not every activity (e.g. every tag) is important/has to be perfect, but altogether it works (rule of big numbers)
- There is still a lot to be done integrating Web 2.0 tool – for being successful in the organisational context – currently there is just loose integration, enough for public use, but not enough for in-company use – e.g. it is not possible to integrate everything published and commented on in different Social Software systems (I commented on this earlier)
- In Web 2.0 more complex group structures are not supported / missing
- Web 2.0 tools make new ways of collaborating possible – so it is not enough to look into how CSCW tools are replaced by Web 2.0 tools, Social Software might co-exist/integrate with existing groupware to open new way of cooperation
- Since it will be an issue in CSCW to decide between different ways of cooperation/communication it will be important to link with management science
- One important issue in CSCW will be addressing media choice issues
- Wolfgang Prinz presented a model for how Web 2.0 and CSCW relate: Web 2.0 provides new technologies, focus on usefullness/freedom, CSCW provides insight in groups and structures; Web 2.0 as Living Lab of Freedom vs. CSCW as Living Lab of Policies
In the end of the workshop I extended the model from Prinz to represent the relations between Web 2.0, CSCW and Enterprise 2.0: Web 2.0 is about the development and usage of new ways of communication and tools for this in the public; CSCW is about organizationally focussed support of collaboration in the enterprise; CSCW should incorporate ideas/tools from Web 2.0 (the Enterprise 2.0 field) in addition to the existing Groupware and work on making the ideas and tools from the two field work together. Research questions can be found in learning about success factors (of Social Software) and non-success factors (of CSCW), in making the integration work, in identifying functionalities of CSCW systems that should be incorporated in Social Software systems etc. See more on the upcoming workshop documentation pages.
ECSCW 2007 – Anreise
Wie alle zwei Jahre ist es September 2007 mal wieder Zeit für die European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work – dieses mal als ECSCW 2007 in Limerick, Irland – hier der offizielle Blog zur Konferenz.
Nachdem der Shannon Airport bei Limerick von München aus weder von RyanAir noch von AirLingus direkt bedient wird, habe ich mich mit BritishAirways/AirLingus über London Heathrow auf den Weg gemacht – und kann nur jedem davon abraten. LHR ist einfach ein schrecklicher Umsteige-Flughafen – mit den neuen Sicherheitsbestimmungen sogar noch schlimmer als vorher – Auch im Transit muss man nochmal durch die Kontrolle – eine ziemlich lange Schlange – und dabei müssen gleich mal alle die Schuhe ausziehen und durchleuchten lassen – Nachdem der Flieger aus München wegen Nebel in London auch noch zu spät dran war, wurde es dann auch noch etwas knapp – Naja, wenigstens mussten wir nicht das Terminal wechseln – 45 Minuten von Aussteigen bis zum Abfluggate sind dann doch gar nicht so schlimm …
Der erste Event auf der Tagung war dann der von Wolfgang Prinz und mir organisierte Workshop “Why CSCW research? Web 2.0 and Social Software solve our problems anyhow!”. Mehr dazu in einem weiteren Posting später.
Mensch und Computer 2007 – Tag 4
Es geht dem Ende zu … ist auch langsam Zeit … Nach so vielen neuen Anregungen muss ich mich jetzt auch mal wieder um die Umsetzung von ein paar davon kümmern ;-)
Aber vorher steht noch die zweite Keynote der Tagung an: “Spiel mir meine Lieblingsmusik – Musikempfehlung zwischen Signalverarbeitung und Web 2.0″ von Karlheinz Brandenburg von der TU Ilmenau (und dem Fraunhofer Institut Digitale Medientechnologie) – dem “Erfinder von mp3″. Hier ein paar Schnippsel aus dem Vortrag: Musik kommt auf immer mehr Kanälen (von überall her); Musik ist Vorreiter bei der Ablösung physikalischer Medien (gerade junge Leute brachen kein physikalisches Medium mehr; die Entwicklung geschieht nicht über Nacht, aber sie geschieht); es gibt erste erfolgreiche kommerzielle Services mit mehr als 1 Mio Tracks (z.B. iTunes) – hier das Problem: wie finde ich da meine Musik? Das selbe Problem haben wir auch schon oder bald bei lokalen Musiksammlungen. Die Stereoanlage der Zukunft merkt sich Musik, hilft mir beim Suchen von Musik (z.B. “Query by Humming” – wurde schon mal bei Saturn in München getestet; AudioID – im Handy vorspielen und dann SMS mit komplettem Titel bekommen), hilft mir beim Zusammenstellen meiner Lieblingsmusik (z.B. “Spiel mir meine Lieblingsmusik für diese Uhrzeit”). Stichwort: Rich Media Management – Schlüssel zum maschinellen “Verstehen” von Multimediainhalten sind möglichst gute Metadaten – und das geht teilweise automatisch oder mit Crowdsourcing (“mit vielen, vielen fleissigen Leuten – heute nennt man das Web 2.0″) – ältestes Beispiel zu Letzterem ist CDDB. Zum automatischen Erkennen gibt es inzwischen eigene Konferenzen und Wettbewerbe unter dem Titel “Music Information Retrieval”. Am Ende des Vortrags hat Brandenburg noch ein paar nette Demos gegeben – unter anderem zur automatischen Analyse / Transkription von Audio-Tracks – echt faszinierend – man kann inzwischen aus einem WAV-File ein recht gutes MIDI-File machen.
Natürlich wurde auch der Austragungsort der nächsten Mensch und Computer Tagung vorgestellt – 2008 werden wir uns in Lübeck wieder treffen – vom 7.9.-10.9.2008. Aber bis dahin wird sicher noch vieles anderes passieren … So stay tuned ;-)